WHAT IS IT AND WHAT ARE THE CAUSES?
Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine of 11 degrees or more that occurs most often during the growth spurt just before puberty. The cause of most cases of scoliosis is unknown, and for that reason it is called idiopathic scoliosis. Other causes may include neuromuscular conditions such as Poliomyelitis, injuries or infections of the spine, and birth defects. Scoliosis can run in families.
WHAT PROBLEMS DEVELOP IN PATIENT WITH SCOLIOSIS?
Most patients have a mild form of the disorder. However most adults that developed scoliosis as children are more likely to have chronic back pain than the general population.
In patients who develop severe scoliosis the rib cage may press against the lungs and heart, making it more difficult to breathe and harder for the heart to pump.
As scoliosis gets worse, it can cause more noticeable changes in the body. These include unleveled shoulders, prominent ribs, uneven hips, and a shift of the waist and trunk to the side. Patients with scoliosis often become self-conscious about their appearance.
HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED?
A history and simple physical exam is usually all that is needed. Plain X-rays can confirm the diagnosis of scoliosis and reveal the severity of the spinal curvature.
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